Deskripsi Kota Bukittinggi

Baiklah agan saya akan..memberikan.. Deskripsi Kota Bukittinggi dalam bahasa inggris.Jika ingin di translate
ada auto transalte di sebelah kanan..
Di baca ya...!!


First of all I would like to give an appreciation of the books written by the brothers. Zulqayyim is, at its option to describe the phenomenon of the history of a town inland Minangkabau in the past. City that we know a lot of play since the Dutch colonial period, the Japanese, even after Indonesia's independence. Kurai Feed developmental process that later became the city of Bukittinggi, the author, described the narrative very interesting to read. When I listened to the passages built by the author on page after page, I did not realize that I had reached the final paragraphs historical narrative, even as it "really enjoyed" I forgot that I had to leave reviews for this book. It certainly is one indication of the success of a disclosure history, in which the author, was able to invite readers to "get in" and enjoy the "tour" of the past.
After realizing the moment the distraction research paper on this book, I re-read some of the items that is already dilalui.Saya start of the main ideas contained in the chapter-chapter exposition and related parts to the whole essay. When that feels that there is one question that bothers me, that is what I really want to explain the history of the city of Bukittinggi's exposure?. There are at least three fundamental tendencies that I think the author wanted to put forward in this book, first: the city in the process of formation of topographic aspect, morphological, and demographic, secondly, about the role of Bukittinggi in a variety of historical development at the macro level, and the three aspects of social changes and cultural implications of the changes that occur as the traditional social institutions villages into urban life.
In writing history, chronological and geographical restrictions is critical to the depth of analysis, but certainly thematic restrictions, more importantly, because in addition to the depth of analysis is also crucial perspectives that will be used. Often the extent of the thematic aspects of writing requires a large number of variables that appear in the discussion. This in turn led to mainstream writing tends to lose direction. This tendency is also visible from this book. The four chapters in addition to the introductory chapter and epilogue, each representing one variable and each stood all alone, at least, in chapter four and five. When the process of formation of the city of Bukittinggi, can still be understood in relation to social, cultural and economic background, the variable education and the city's role in the national movement to lose context.
Without wishing to give corrections to this book, on the occasion of sharing I will just offer an alternative perspective that may need to be considered in an analysis of the city of Bukittinggi, the perspective of cultural analysis in the framework of the community (emic approach). This approach is, at least, can complement historical structuralist explanations that have been put forward in this book.
The author of this book has initiated the formation history of the town of Bukittinggi description stating the social and cultural background. I had hoped that in this chapter there is a description of how the life of society and culture in Nagari Kurai before it became the "town" Bukittinggi. When the social structure of the Kurai has been presented properly, it is not the case with the background culture of the people. What these latter, I think, quite important. The process of a city, at least for the case of Bukittinggi, need to depart from the search aspects of the culture, because of Bukittinggi, in addition to being part of a large Minangkabau culture, the area is also known by the people themselves as Koto Rang Minang Agam.
Koto designation, can not be simply understood as the process of formation stages of development of new villages, but culturally, Koto Rang Agam further illustrate the concept of "cultural space" in which the culture of various communities transaction villages-villages took place in it. This title is also at once a symbol of the unification of Agam and rolling high. Between these two areas is not simply to "set apart", because of the strong interdependence of the two in many aspects, especially the economy. Determination of Bukittinggi as a ¬ gemeente by the Dutch in 1918 and later in 1930 is considered to be a culture of denial (unfortunately in this book the author does not complete the picture of how the Dutch tactics on the public reaction to the Dutch policy Kurai protesting over their land in 1906. Holland confronts the prince Kurai with the Agam Tuo, a divisive tactic to gain the Netherlands). Hence, the release of PP. 84 in 1999 no more and no less as ridiculous as the Dutch decision making gemeente, has invited the pros and cons about the problem of urban sprawl prolonged Dublin recently.
Traditional Minangkabau have set strictly about cultural areas in stages that shows the division of property and authority, where there is the highest authority in the villages. In addition, the authority of the autonomous villages (villages salingka custom) also regulates the procedure for entry of outside elements into an area traditionally nagari. From this aspect that seems to have a search on the development of a Koto Rang Nagari Kurai Agam. In the traditional leadership structures in Bukittinggi past, there is no mention of Commerce Penghulu outside leadership prince shoots at Nagari Kurai. Prince of trade has its own authority in the migrants. They are the powers of tribal prince who has the authority and the property itself. The presence of so-called-Surau Surau Trade as Trade Surau Balingka (which is now the Great Mosque), Surau Banuhampu in Aur Tajungkang and others, certainly nothing to do with this leadership structure. (See: Taufik Abdullah and S. Budhisantoso, 1983: 29)
Structural perspective used by the author in Bukittinggi town turned out to see the development in some instances gave preconception to the author to position Dublin as a city in colonial perspective, so that when explaining about how the ownership of the town of Bukittinggi not narrow the gap between the public dispute with Agam Kurai . I think that cultural explanations to the problems concerning the status of Bukittinggi for Agam is likely to be a solution to the problem of urban sprawl Bukittinggi is still just warm.
Regarding economic variables, Lewis Mombard never mentioned that the economy bringing in elements of modernization that was instrumental birth town (Lewis Mombard, 1950: 120-121). Modernization shown by the increasingly complex structure of life, both physically and institutions-pranatanya. This complexity difirensiasi spawned jobs. According Mombard difirensiasi and specialization is an important factor increasing urban social mobility. In addition to economic factors, the formation of the city is also determined by political factors, as we saw with the emergence of cities as centers of government colonies. However, in this regard, the authors conclude no clear relationship between vertical social mobility in Dublin with variable education run by the Dutch government, although a discussion of colonial education in Dublin already occupy a separate chapter in this book.
In terms of vertical social mobility as a result of an urban phenomenon difirensiasi and specialization of jobs, generally show that education was not a significant factor in the acceleration of the colonial period. According to Sartono Kartodirdjo, vertical mobility relatively slow due to the dualism of schooling based on racial discrimination and colonial reality itself (Sartono Kartodirdjo, 1999: 75-76). That means that the increase in graduate school is not always directly proportional to the vertical mobility. One other cultural implications that need to be considered here as a result of the emergence of Dutch schools is the creation of a new social strata from which further separates the natives from their traditional roots.
Since before the arrival of the Dutch, other than nobility strata of the indigenous, traditional education network has also occupied the role of ideology in social change. Social elite of the religion that emerged from the traditional education system has occupied a separate strata of society in the villages-villages around Dublin and its effect even across the boundaries of their own villages. Analysis of the town of Bukittinggi, would require an adequate explanation of the three strata mentioned that, when associated with cultural references Bukittinggi as Koto Rang Agam, especially in finding the relationship between several variables offered in this book.
Finally, the facts Bukittinggi past presented by the author in this book has enriched our knowledge about the history of the city inland (inland city), a historical unit that has not been touched. Meanwhile, what can I point out on this occasion, I hope that helps.

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